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The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus; hence, the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem , a cap , and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella) on the underside of the cap.
At present, psilocybin mushroom use has been reported among some groups spanning from central Mexico to Oaxaca, including groups of Nahua, Mixtecs, Mixe, Mazatecs, Zapotecs, and others. [2] An important figure of mushroom usage in Mexico was María Sabina, [17] who used native mushrooms, such as Psilocybe mexicana in her practice.
Scientific name Common name Active agent Distribution Similar edible species Picture Agaricus californicus: California Agaricus: phenol and xanthodermin: North America Edible Agaricus species Agaricus hondensis [1] Felt-ringed Agaricus: phenol and xanthodermin: North America Edible Agaricus species Agaricus menieri: phenol and xanthodermin: Europe
Both the Latin and common names refer to the shape of the fruiting body. [2] The Latin pleurotus (side-ear) refers to the sideways growth of the stem with respect to the cap, while the Latin ostreatus (and the English common name, oyster ) refers to the shape of the cap which resembles the bivalve of the same name. [ 2 ]
A pileus or mushroom cap. mushroom cap. The cap of basidiomata that bears the fertile hymenium. [300] pilose Covered with long, soft filaments; hairy. Oudemansiella pilosa is an example. From Latin pilus, hair. [301] plasmodium A motile mass seen in the growth phase of acellular slime molds. Generally multinucleate and lacking cell walls.
Psilocybin mushrooms are mushrooms which contain the hallucinogenic substances psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin and norbaeocystin.The mushrooms are collected and grown as an entheogen and recreational drug, despite being illegal in many countries.
The species most often sold as such quack cures is A. subrufescens, which is often referred to by the erroneous name "Agaricus Blazei" and advertised by fanciful trade names such as "God's mushroom" or "mushroom of life", but can cause allergic reactions and even liver damage if consumed in excessive amounts. [53]
[23] [24] Thousands of gilled species exist, which were later divided into dozens of diverse genera; in its modern usage, Agaricus only refers to mushrooms closely related to the common shop mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. [25] For example, Linnaeus gave the name Agaricus deliciosus to the saffron milk-cap, but its current name is Lactarius ...
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