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The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus; hence, the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem , a cap , and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella) on the underside of the cap.
Both the Latin and common names refer to the shape of the fruiting body. [2] The Latin pleurotus (side-ear) refers to the sideways growth of the stem with respect to the cap, while the Latin ostreatus (and the English common name, oyster ) refers to the shape of the cap which resembles the bivalve of the same name. [ 2 ]
Pleurotus is a genus of gilled mushrooms which includes one of the most widely eaten mushrooms, P. ostreatus.Species of Pleurotus may be called oyster, abalone, or tree mushrooms, and are some of the most commonly cultivated edible mushrooms in the world. [1]
At present, psilocybin mushroom use has been reported among some groups spanning from central Mexico to Oaxaca, including groups of Nahua, Mixtecs, Mixe, Mazatecs, Zapotecs, and others. [2] An important figure of mushroom usage in Mexico was María Sabina, [17] who used native mushrooms, such as Psilocybe mexicana in her practice.
A pileus or mushroom cap. mushroom cap. The cap of basidiomata that bears the fertile hymenium. [300] pilose Covered with long, soft filaments; hairy. Oudemansiella pilosa is an example. From Latin pilus, hair. [301] plasmodium A motile mass seen in the growth phase of acellular slime molds. Generally multinucleate and lacking cell walls.
[23] [24] Thousands of gilled species exist, which were later divided into dozens of diverse genera; in its modern usage, Agaricus only refers to mushrooms closely related to the common shop mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. [25] For example, Linnaeus gave the name Agaricus deliciosus to the saffron milk-cap, but its current name is Lactarius ...
The fungus was originally named Phallus esculentus by Carl Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753), [12] and given its current name by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1801. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Morchella esculenta is commonly known by various names: morel, common morel, true morel, morel mushroom, yellow morel, sponge morel, [ 15 ] Molly ...
The mushrooms are collected and grown as an entheogen and recreational drug, despite being illegal in many countries. Many psilocybin mushrooms are in the genus Psilocybe , but species across several other genera contain the drugs.