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The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus; hence, the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem , a cap , and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella) on the underside of the cap.
Agaricus bisporus, commonly known as the cultivated mushroom, is a basidiomycete mushroom native to grasslands in Eurasia and North America. It is cultivated in more than 70 countries and is one of the most commonly and widely consumed mushrooms in the world.
Ojibwa ethnobotanist Keewaydinoquay Peschel reported its use among her people, where it was known as miskwedo (an abbreviation of the name oshtimisk wajashkwedo (= "red-top mushroom"). [ 106 ] [ 107 ] This information was enthusiastically received by Wasson, although evidence from other sources was lacking. [ 108 ]
The species most often sold as such quack cures is A. subrufescens, which is often referred to by the erroneous name "Agaricus Blazei" and advertised by fanciful trade names such as "God's mushroom" or "mushroom of life", but can cause allergic reactions and even liver damage if consumed in excessive amounts. [54]
Both the Latin and common names refer to the shape of the fruiting body. [2] The Latin pleurotus (side-ear) refers to the sideways growth of the stem with respect to the cap, while the Latin ostreatus (and the English common name, oyster) refers to the shape of the cap which resembles the bivalve of the same name. [2]
The mushroom's Japanese name shiitake is a compound word composed of shii (椎, Castanopsis), for the tree Castanopsis cuspidata that provides the dead logs on which it is typically cultivated, and take (茸, "mushroom"). [5] The specific epithet edodes is the Latin word for "edible". [6]
Trametes versicolor Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Fungi Division: Basidiomycota Class: Agaricomycetes Order: Polyporales Family: Polyporaceae Genus: Trametes Species: T. versicolor Binomial name Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd (1920) Synonyms Boletus versicolor L. (1753) Polyporus versicolor (L.) Fr. (1821) Coriolus versicolor (L.) Quél. (1886) Species of fungus Trametes ...
Higher mushroom consumption has been associated with lower risk of breast cancer. [32] As of 2021, mushroom consumption has not been shown to conclusively affect risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. [33] A commonly eaten mushroom is the white mushroom (Agaricus bisporus).