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Although there had been ongoing tensions between non-Japanese and Japanese Peruvians, the situation was drastically exacerbated by the war. [12] Rising tensions ultimately led to a series of discriminatory laws being passed in 1936, the results of which included stigmatization of Japanese immigrants as "bestial," "untrustworthy," "militaristic," and "unfairly" competing with Peruvians for wages.
The Oxford Companion to World War II (2005), comprehensive encyclopedia for all countries; Eccles, Karen E. and Debbie McCollin, eds. World War II and the Caribbean (2017) excerpt; Frank, Gary. Struggle for hegemony in South America: Argentina, Brazil, and the United States during the Second World War (Routledge, 2021). Friedman, Max Paul.
The majority of Crystal City's Latin American population was transported to Germany and Japan at the end of the war, although several hundred Japanese Peruvians were allowed to remain in the U.S. after a two-year legal battle. [12] Of the nearly 1,500 Latin American Japanese confined in Crystal City during the war, almost 80% came from Peru.
[2] [3] By 1936, 23,000 Japanese migrants immigrated to Peru. [3] During World War II, Peruvians sacked, looted, and burned more than 600 Japanese homes and businesses in Lima, killing 10 Japanese and injuring dozens. [3] In January 1942, Peru broke diplomatic relations with Japan over the Attack on Pearl Harbor.
The sixth chapter discusses specifically the Japanese Peruvians during the World War II period. [11] This is the sole single country-specific chapter. [4] Chapter 6 has a focus on Japanese Peruvians deported from Peru and forced to be imprisoned in U.S. internment camps. [11] The sources used in this chapter were archives and oral histories.
The U.S. government orchestrated the roundup of people of Japanese descent in 12 Latin American countries, citing “hemispheric security" The WWII Incarceration of Japanese Americans Stretched ...
A map (front) of Imperial Japanese-run prisoner-of-war camps within the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere known during World War II from 1941 to 1945. Back of map of Imperial Japanese-run prisoner-of-war camps with a list of the camps categorized geographically and an additional detailed map of camps located on the Japanese archipelago .
This is a list of regions occupied or annexed by the Empire of Japan until 1945, the year of the end of World War II in Asia, after the surrender of Japan. Control over all territories except most of the Japanese mainland ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and some 6,000 small surrounding islands) was renounced by Japan in the ...