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American women were recruited to do ballistics calculations and program computers during WWII. Around 1943–1945, these women "computers" used a differential analyzer in the basement of the Moore School of Electrical Engineering to speed up their calculations, though the machine required a mechanic to be totally accurate and the women often ...
By 1943, almost all people employed as computers were women; one report said "programming requires lots of patience, persistence and a capacity for detail and those are traits that many girls have". [49] [50] NACA expanded its pool of women human computers in the 1940s. [51]
At least 200 women were hired by the Moore School of Engineering to work as "computers" [4] and six of them were chosen to be the programmers of ENIAC. Betty Holberton, Kay McNulty , Marlyn Wescoff , Ruth Lichterman , Betty Jean Jennings , and Fran Bilas , programmed the ENIAC to perform calculations for ballistics trajectories electronically ...
Because the six people responsible for setting up problems on the ENIAC (the first general-purpose electronic digital computer built at the University of Pennsylvania during World War II) were drafted from a corps of human computers, the world's first professional computer programmers were women, namely: Kay McNulty, Betty Snyder, Marlyn ...
Machine operators in Britain were mostly women into the early 1970s. [89] As these perceptions changed and computing became a high-status career, the field became more dominated by men. [90] [91] [92] Professor Janet Abbate, in her book Recoding Gender, writes: Yet women were a significant presence in the early decades of computing.
The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project, an attempt to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating systems. The Computer Revolution/Timeline at Wikibooks "File:Timeline.pdf - Engineering and Technology History Wiki" (PDF). ethw.org. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-31
An essay by Light from 1999, "When Computers Were Women", discusses an aspect of the history of computers — specifically that women were not credited for their work on the ENIAC computer, which was America's first electronic computer to automate ballistics computations during World War II. The women built the machine which replaced them, yet ...
Kathleen Rita Antonelli (née McNulty; formerly Mauchly; 12 February 1921 – 20 April 2006), known as Kay McNulty, was an Irish computer programmer and one of the six original programmers of the ENIAC, one of the first general-purpose electronic digital computers.