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Spirometry (meaning the measuring of breath) is the most common of the pulmonary function tests (PFTs). It measures lung function, specifically the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled.
Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment. [1]
In 1960, the European Community for Coal and Steel (ECCS) first recommended guidelines for spirometry. [7] The organization then published predicted values for parameters such as spirometric indices, residual volume, total lung capacity, and functional residual capacity in 1971. [8]
ACOEM authors position papers providing guidance for a variety of topics such as spirometry, noise-induced hearing loss, obesity, workplace drug screening, confidentiality of medical information, depression screening, and reproductive hazards. ACOEM has also established a Code of Ethical Conduct to guide occupational and environmental physicians.
The peak expiratory flow (PEF), also called peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and peak flow measurement, [1] is a person's maximum speed of expiration, as measured with a peak flow meter, a small, hand-held device used to monitor a person's ability to breathe out air.
An incentive spirometer is a handheld medical device used to help patients improve the functioning of their lungs.By training patients to take slow and deep breaths, this simplified spirometer facilitates lung expansion and strengthening.
Output of a spirometer. Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume.
The image shows how spirometry is done. The patient takes a deep breath and blows as hard as possible into a connected tube. The spirometer measures the amount of air breathed out and how fast. Spirometry is the gold standard for diagnosing lower airway obstruction.