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  2. Road surface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_surface

    Old Roman road, leading from Jerusalem to Beit Gubrin, adjacent to regional highway 375 in Israel Different layers of road including asphalt layer. The total thickness of a pavement can be measured using granular base equivalency. Wheeled transport created the need for better roads.

  3. Subbase (pavement) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subbase_(pavement)

    Layers in the construction of a mortarless pavement: A.) Subgrade B.) Subbase C.) Base course D.) Paver base E.) Pavers F.) Fine-grained sand. In highway engineering, subbase is the layer of aggregate material laid on the subgrade, on which the base course layer is located. It may be omitted when there will be only foot traffic on the pavement ...

  4. Base course - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_course

    Class 3 Road Base Layers in the construction of a mortarless pavement: A. Subgrade B. Subbase C. Base course D. Paver base as binder course E. Pavers as wearing course F. Fine-grained sand. The base course or basecourse in pavements is a layer of material in an asphalt roadway, race track, riding arena, or sporting

  5. Subgrade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subgrade

    Layers in the construction of a mortarless pavement: A.) Subgrade B.) Subbase C.) Base course D.) Paver base E.) Pavers F.) Fine-grained sand Section through railway track and foundation showing the sub-grade. In transport engineering, subgrade is the native material underneath a constructed road, [1] pavement or railway track (US: railroad

  6. Pavement engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavement_engineering

    Pavement engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to design and maintain flexible and rigid pavements.This includes streets and highways and involves knowledge of soils, hydraulics, and material properties.

  7. Wearing course - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearing_course

    The wearing course, also known as a friction course or surface course, is the upper layer in roadway, airfield, and dockyard construction. The term 'surface course' is sometimes used slightly different, to describe very thin surface layers such as chip seal. In rigid pavements the upper layer is a portland cement concrete slab.

  8. Geometric design of roads - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_design_of_roads

    The alignment is the route of the road, defined as a series of horizontal tangents and curves. The profile is the vertical aspect of the road, including crest and sag curves, and the straight grade lines connecting them. The cross section shows the position and number of vehicle and bicycle lanes and sidewalks, along with their cross slope or ...

  9. Road - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road

    Sub-base layer composed of cement-based material being applied during construction of the M8 motorway in Ireland Road construction in Myanmar. Road construction requires the creation of an engineered continuous right-of-way or roadbed, overcoming geographic obstacles and having grades low enough to permit vehicle or foot travel, [38]: 15 and ...