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In anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a part of the motor system network causing involuntary actions. [1] The system is called extrapyramidal to distinguish it from the tracts of the motor cortex that reach their targets by traveling through the pyramids of the medulla .
Extrapyramidal symptoms (also called extrapyramidal side effects) get their name because they are symptoms of disorders in the extrapyramidal system, which regulates posture and skeletal muscle tone. This is in contrast to symptoms originating from the pyramidal tracts. [citation needed]
Classification based on motor characteristics classifies CP as occurring from damage to either the corticospinal pathway or extrapyramidal regions. [5] Athetoid dyskinetic cerebral palsy is a non-spastic, extrapyramidal form of cerebral palsy (spastic cerebral palsy, in contrast, results from damage to the brain's corticospinal pathways).
It is a motor control pathway that originates in the red nucleus. [1] It is a part of the lateral indirect extrapyramidal tract. The rubrospinal tract fibers are efferent nerve fibers from the magnocellular part of the red nucleus. (Rubro-olivary fibers are efferents from the parvocelluar part of the red nucleus). [2]
The vestibulospinal tract is a nerve tract in the central nervous system. Specifically, it is a component of the extrapyramidal system and is classified as a component of the medial pathway. Like other descending motor pathways, the vestibulospinal fibers of the tract relay information from nuclei to motor neurons. [1]
The red nucleus or nucleus ruber is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. [1] The red nucleus is pale pink, which is believed to be due to the presence of iron in at least two different forms: hemoglobin and ferritin. [2]
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The pyramidal motor system, also called the pyramidal tract or the corticospinal tract, start in the motor center of the cerebral cortex. [4] There are upper and lower motor neurons in the corticospinal tract. The motor impulses originate in the giant pyramidal cells or Betz cells of the motor area; i.e., precentral gyrus of cerebral cortex ...