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Route of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand (red line) in the Achaemenid Empire.The satrapy of Cyrus the Younger is delineated in green.. The Ten Thousand (Ancient Greek: οἱ Μύριοι, hoi Myrioi) were a force of mercenary units, mainly Greeks, employed by Cyrus the Younger to attempt to wrest the throne of the Persian Empire from his brother, Artaxerxes II.
While the journey of Cyrus is an anabasis from Ionia on the eastern coast of the Aegean Sea, to the interior of Asia Minor and Mesopotamia, most of Xenophon's narrative is taken up with the return march of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand, from the interior of Babylon to the coast of the Black Sea.
There they were made prisoner, taken up to the king and there decapitated. The Greeks elected new officers and set out to march northwards to the Black Sea through Corduene and Armenia, to reach the Greek colonies on the shore. Their eventual success, the march of the Ten Thousand, was recorded by Xenophon in his Anabasis.
Route of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand (red line) in the Achaemenid Empire.The satrapy of Cyrus the Younger is delineated in green.. Written years after the events it recounts, Xenophon's book Anabasis (Greek: ἀνάβασις, literally "going up") [13] is his record of the expedition of Cyrus and the Greek mercenaries' journey to home. [14]
The Southern Colchis War or the War of the Ten Thousand was a conflict that took place in Southern Colchis (near Trabzon) between elite and heavily armored Greek hoplites and the Colchian people. Since Xenophon did not name this battle in his work Anabasis , the conflict is referred to by the region where it took place.
Thálassa! was the cry of joy when the roaming Ten Thousand Greeks saw Euxeinos Pontos (the Black Sea) from Mount Theches (Θήχης) near Trebizond, after participating in Cyrus the Younger's failed march against the Persian Empire in the year 401 BC. The mountain was only a five-day march away from the friendly coastal city Trapezus.
The Ten Thousand (401–399) were a Greek mercenary army made famous by Xenophon, one of their generals, when he wrote his Anabasis. [2] Through the 4th century BC, mercenaries were widely employed as is shown by the careers of such as Iphicrates, Chares and Charidemus. Many fought for the Persians when they reconquered Egypt.
The 4th-century BC historical book Anabasis by Xenophon is the first historical record to refer to the existence of the Carduchii. [1] Their lands was part of the route that the Greek force known as the Ten Thousand marched through following the Battle of Cunaxa in 401 BC. [7]