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The intercostal space (ICS) is the anatomic space between two ribs (Lat. costa). Since there are 12 ribs on each side, there are 11 intercostal spaces, each numbered for the rib superior to it. Since there are 12 ribs on each side, there are 11 intercostal spaces, each numbered for the rib superior to it.
Midaxillary line: A vertical line passing through the apex of the axilla. Posterior axillary line: A vertical line passing through the posterior axillary fold. Scapular line: A vertical line passing through the inferior angle of the scapula. Paravertebral line: A vertical line corresponding to the tips of the transverse processes of the vertebrae.
The midaxillary line is a coronal line on the torso between the anterior and posterior axillary lines. It is a landmark used in thoracentesis, [2] and the V6 electrode of the 10 electrode ECG. The posterior axillary line is a coronal line on the posterior torso marked by the posterior axillary fold.
The mid-clavicular line, a line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the midpoint of the clavicle. In addition, reference may be made to structures at specific levels of the spine (e.g. the 4th cervical vertebra , abbreviated "C4"), or the rib cage (e.g., the 5th intercostal space ).
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An S3 heart sound is best heard with the bell-side of the stethoscope (used for lower frequency sounds). A left-sided S3 is best heard in the left lateral decubitus position and at the apex of the heart, which is normally located in the 5th left intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
In addition, the science of surface anatomy includes the theories and systems of body proportions and related artistic canons. [citation needed] The study of surface anatomy is the basis for depicting the human body in classical art. Some pseudo-sciences such as physiognomy, phrenology and palmistry rely on surface anatomy.
In the fourth intercostal space (between ribs 4 and 5) just to the left of the sternum. V 3: Between leads V 2 and V 4. V 4: In the fifth intercostal space (between ribs 5 and 6) in the mid-clavicular line. V 5: Horizontally even with V 4, in the left anterior axillary line. V 6: Horizontally even with V 4 and V 5 in the mid-axillary line.