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First, it argues that humanity’s separation from nature is not inherent to the human condition, but rather that humanity is a part of nature; furthermore, human agency in physically reorganizing nature is part of a long historical process, whereby the physical material of nature is incorporated into human systems of value through labour ...
"On the one hand all labour is, speaking physiologically, an expenditure of human labour power, and in its character of identical abstract human labour, it creates and forms the value of commodities. On the other hand, all labour is the expenditure of human labour power in a special form and with a definite aim, and in this, its character of ...
Work or labor (labour in Commonwealth English) is the intentional activity people perform to support the needs and desires of themselves, other people, or organizations. [1] In the context of economics , work can be viewed as the human activity that contributes (along with other factors of production ) towards the goods and services within an ...
The concept of alienation has two forms: "subjective" and "objective". [5] Alienation is "subjective" when human individuals feel "estranged" or do not feel at home in the modern social world. [6] By this account, alienation consists in an individuals' experience of his or her life as meaningless, or his/herself as worthless. [7] "Objective ...
The collection includes essays on the subjects of sociology, ethics and philosophy.In the eponymous essay, Russell displays a series of arguments and reasoning with the aim of stating how the 'belief in the virtue of labour causes great evils in the modern world, and that the road to happiness and prosperity lies instead in a diminution of labour' and how work 'is by no means one of the ...
The means of production include the means of labor, which transmit human influence to nature, and the objects of labor, to which human labor is applied. The most important components of the means of labor are the instruments of labor (for example, tools, devices, and machines). (From Productive forces. — The Great Soviet Encyclopedia: in 30 ...
Human labor becomes dominated by the economic exchange of the products of that labor, and labor itself becomes a tradeable abstract value (see Abstract labour and concrete labour). The result of the difficulties in explaining economic value and its sources is that value becomes something of a mystery, and that how the attribution of value ...
The labour process is purposeful activity aimed at the production of use values. [2] The labour process is sometimes loosely termed "work organisation". That which is produced can either be useful in supporting human existence and so have a use value or it can be traded and attain an exchange value. The latter value presupposes the former.