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Tungsten steel is any steel that has tungsten as its alloying element with characteristics derived mostly from the presence of this element (as opposed to any other element in the alloy). Common alloys have between 2% and 18% tungsten by weight along with small amounts of molybdenum and vanadium which together create an alloy with exceptional ...
Tungsten's desirable properties such as resistance to high temperatures, its hardness and density, and its strengthening of alloys made it an important raw material for the arms industry, [54] [55] both as a constituent of weapons and equipment and employed in production itself, e.g., in tungsten carbide cutting tools for machining steel. Now ...
Tungsten carbide (chemical formula: WC) is a chemical compound (specifically, a carbide) containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms. In its most basic form, tungsten carbide is a fine gray powder, but it can be pressed and formed into shapes through sintering [7] for use in industrial machinery, engineering facilities, [8] molding blocks, [9] cutting tools, chisels, abrasives, armor ...
Ferrotungsten is relatively expensive, with the prices around $31–44 per kilogram of contained tungsten. [4] During World War 2, over 21,000,000 lb of Ferro-tungsten and other ferroalloys were shipped to Russia on lend-lease. [3] The cost was more than $12,000,000. Ferrotungsten comes from rich ore raw materials primarily of wolframite or ...
The chemical composition of Mushet steel varied; tungsten was the main alloying constituent, which ranged between 4 and 12%, while manganese (2–4%) and carbon (1.5–2.5%) were the secondary alloying constituents. Typical samples contain 9% tungsten, 2.5% manganese, and 1.85% carbon. [2] Mushet steel was harder than standard water quenched steel.
The modern steel industry is one of the largest manufacturing industries in the world, but also one of the most energy and greenhouse gas emission intense industries, contributing 8% of global emissions. [2] However, steel is also very reusable: it is one of the world's most-recycled materials, with a recycling rate of over 60% globally. [3]
Ammonium paratungstate (or APT) is a white crystalline salt with the chemical formula (NH 4) 10 (H 2 W 12 O 42)·4H 2 O. It is described as "the most important raw material for all other tungsten products." [2]
Additionally in the 19th century tungsten sulfides were sparingly used as lubrication for machining. Wolframite is also used to make tungstic acid which is used in the textile industry. [14] A major modern day use of tungsten is as a catalyst for various chemical reactions. One such catalytic use of tungsten is as a hydrocracking catalyst which ...