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Map of Traditional Ainu Settlement Areas Shibatani, Masayoshi. The Languages of Japan(1990) 日本語: ...
Map of the pre-1945 distribution of Ainu languages and dialects. In 2008, the news block World Watch gave an estimate of fewer than 100 remaining speakers of the Ainu language. [10] In 1993, linguist Alexander Vovin placed the number at fewer than 15 speakers, characterizing the language as "almost extinct". [104]
The island was formally claimed as Japanese territory in 1855. Near the end of the Second World War in 1945, the Soviet Union occupied the southern Kurils and forcibly removed its Japanese residents. Japan continues to claim the islands and considers the northern edge of the island to be its own northernmost point.
The Ainu of Kunashir are South Kurils Ainu. They settled down near Kurile Lake, which was inhabited by the Kamchatka Ainu and North Kuril Ainu. In 1929, the Ainu of Kurile Lake fled to the island of Paramushir after an armed conflict with the Soviet authorities. At that time, Paramushir was under Japanese rule.
Kunashir is separated by the Catherine Strait (Kunashiri Suido) from the island of Iturup, located 22 km northeast; Kunashir Strait (upper Nemuro Kaikyo) from Shiretoko Peninsula (Hokkaido Island), located 25 km to the west; Izmena Strait (Notsuke Suido or lower Nemuro Kaikyo) from Notsuke Peninsula (Hokkaido Island), located 16 km to the southwest; and by the South Kuril Strait (Yuzhno ...
In 1884, the Ainu inhabitants were relocated by Japanese authorities to Shikotan. During World War II, the island had a small Japanese garrison, which surrendered on August 25, 1945, without a fight. After 1945, the island came under the control of the Soviet Union, and is now administered as part of the Sakhalin Oblast of the Russian ...
Palace reception near Hakodate in 1751. Ainu bringing gifts. The Matsumae clan's fief had extensive contacts with the Ainu of Hokkaidō, and had exclusive rights to trade with the Ainu communities of the island and to guarantee the security of Japanese interests there. Relations between the Matsumae and the Ainu was sometimes hostile ...
Own work, based on "Historical and present distribution of Ainu in Japan and the Russian Federation - W.Dallmann & K.Uzawa, April 2007" map from ANSIPRA: Author: ArnoldPlaton: Other versions: Derivative works of this file: Map of Ainu in Hokkaido de.svg