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Teaching machines were originally mechanical devices that presented educational materials and taught students. They were first invented by Sidney L. Pressey in the mid-1920s. [1] His machine originally administered multiple-choice questions. The machine could be set so it moved on only when the student got the right answer.
Skinner, who was responsible for bringing the whole subject into popular view, acknowledged Pressey's work in his 1958 paper on teaching machines. [15] [16] Sidney was displeased by the “crass commercialization” of teaching machines. He objected to this use of teaching machines feeling they had a lack of questioning about basic theory.
The Harwell computer, or Harwell Dekatron computer, [1] [2] later known as the Wolverhampton Instrument for Teaching Computing from Harwell (WITCH), [3] is an early British computer of the 1950s based on valves and relays.
The teaching machine, a mechanical invention to automate the task of programmed learning. The teaching machine was a mechanical device whose purpose was to administer a curriculum of programmed learning. The machine embodies key elements of Skinner's theory of learning and had important implications for education in general and classroom ...
The concept of intelligent machines for instructional use date back as early as 1924, when Sidney Pressey of Ohio State University created a mechanical teaching machine to instruct students without a human teacher. [5] [6] His machine resembled closely a typewriter with several keys and a window that provided the learner with questions. The ...
The learning material is in a kind of textbook or teaching machine or computer. The medium presents the material in a logical and tested sequence. The text is in small steps or larger chunks. After each step, learners are given a question to test their comprehension. Then immediately the correct answer is shown.
Teaching Machines Inc, a group of psychologists produced a series of programmed learning texts. The texts were based on the work of B.F. Skinner, breaking complicated tasks to a one-step-at-a-time activity (terminal learning objectives). Grolier and TMI marketed Min-Max (a teaching machine) with machine programs and programmed text books. [18]
PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations), [1] [2] also known as Project Plato [3] and Project PLATO, was the first generalized computer-assisted instruction system. Starting in 1960, it ran on the University of Illinois 's ILLIAC I computer.