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Cimetidine is widely distributed throughout all tissues. [7] It is able to cross the blood–brain barrier and can produce effects in the central nervous system (e.g., headaches, dizziness, somnolence). [2] The volume of distribution of cimetidine is 0.8 L/kg in adults and 1.2 to 2.1 L/kg in children. [6]
In 1972, functional antagonists to the H2 receptor emerged. This class of agents has since revolutionized the treatment of PUD, and its priority in the treatment of acid-related diseases has only been surpassed by the development of PPIs. Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine are the four most commonly used H2-receptor antagonists ...
Treatment with antacids alone is symptomatic and only justified for minor symptoms. [4] Alternative uses for antacids include constipation, diarrhea, hyperphosphatemia, and urinary alkalization. [2] Some antacids are also used as an adjunct to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in the treatment of pancreatic insufficiency. [5]
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by James W. Black, C. Robin Ganellin, and others to develop a histamine receptor antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
Famotidine, sold under the brand name Pepcid among others, is a histamine H 2 receptor antagonist medication that decreases stomach acid production. [4] It is used to treat peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. [4]
H 1 antagonists, also called H 1 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the H 1 receptor, helping to relieve allergic reactions.Agents where the main therapeutic effect is mediated by negative modulation of histamine receptors are termed antihistamines; other agents may have antihistaminergic action but are not true antihistamines.
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Hopefully, patients will graduate to the medium dehydration or "some" dehydration category and receive continued treatment as above. [1] Inadequate replacement of potassium losses during diarrhea can lead to potassium depletion and hypokalaemia (low serum potassium) especially in children with malnutrition.
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