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Cimetidine is widely distributed throughout all tissues. [7] It is able to cross the blood–brain barrier and can produce effects in the central nervous system (e.g., headaches, dizziness, somnolence). [2] The volume of distribution of cimetidine is 0.8 L/kg in adults and 1.2 to 2.1 L/kg in children. [6]
In 1972, functional antagonists to the H2 receptor emerged. This class of agents has since revolutionized the treatment of PUD, and its priority in the treatment of acid-related diseases has only been surpassed by the development of PPIs. Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine are the four most commonly used H2-receptor antagonists ...
Treatment with antacids alone is symptomatic and only justified for minor symptoms. [4] Alternative uses for antacids include constipation, diarrhea, hyperphosphatemia, and urinary alkalization. [2] Some antacids are also used as an adjunct to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in the treatment of pancreatic insufficiency. [5]
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by James W. Black, C. Robin Ganellin, and others to develop a histamine receptor antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
Famotidine, sold under the brand name Pepcid among others, is a histamine H 2 receptor antagonist medication that decreases stomach acid production. [4] It is used to treat peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. [4]
Diphenoxylate is a centrally active opioid drug of the phenylpiperidine series that is used as a combination drug with atropine for the treatment of diarrhea. Diphenoxylate is an opioid and acts by slowing intestinal contractions; the atropine is present to prevent drug abuse and overdose.
Today's NYT Connections puzzle for Friday, December 13, 2024The New York Times
Preliminary clinical data suggests ginger may be effective for treatment of nausea and/or vomiting in a number of settings. [19] [20] [21] Emetrol is also claimed to be an effective antiemetic. Propofol is given intravenously. It has been used in an acute care setting in hospital as a rescue therapy for emesis. [22]
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