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Ureterovesicular junction obstruction (UVJ obstruction) is an obstruction at the level of the ureter and bladder. It accounts for 20% of cases of hydronephrosis detected in utero. It is also most commonly seen in males and involved both sides of the urinary tract in approximately 25% of cases. [1]
The signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis depend upon whether the obstruction is acute or chronic, partial or complete, unilateral or bilateral. Hydronephrosis that occurs acutely with sudden onset (as caused by a kidney stone) can cause intense pain in the flank area (between the hips and ribs) known as a renal colic. Historically, this type of ...
In noncommunicating hydrocephalus, there is obstruction to the CSF flow. Examples of common causes include hemorrhage, tumor, traumatic brain injury that disrupts the flow and causes build-up of CSF in the brain [34]. Foramen of Monro obstruction may lead to dilation of one, or if large enough (e.g., in colloid cyst), both lateral ventricles.
Damage to the brain or spinal cord is the most common cause of neurogenic bladder. Damage to the brain can be caused by stroke, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy or other neurodegenerative conditions. [8] Bladder involvement is more likely if the damage is in the area of the pons.
[10] [57] Re-operation may be needed in up to 6.8% of patients, and possible causes of re-operation include incomplete decompression and dural scarring. [10] Other complications that are possible in surgical repair of type I Chiari malformations include an aseptic meningitis due to irritation from the dural grafts which is seen in 32% of cases.
This condition is idiopathic, meaning there is no known cause. Risk factors include being overweight or a recent increase in weight. [1] Tetracycline may also trigger the condition. [2] The diagnosis is based on symptoms and a high opening pressure found during a lumbar puncture with no specific cause found on a brain scan. [1] [2]
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Urofacial syndrome, or Ochoa syndrome, is an autosomal recessive [1] congenital disorder characterized by an association of a lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction with a typical facial expression: when attempting to smile, the patient seems to be crying or grimacing.