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  2. Inverse problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_problem

    When computers became available, some authors have investigated the possibility of applying their approach to similar problems such as the inverse problem in the 1D wave equation. But it rapidly turned out that the inversion is an unstable process: noise and errors can be tremendously amplified making a direct solution hardly practicable.

  3. Lagrangian mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_mechanics

    In physics, Lagrangian mechanics is a formulation of classical mechanics founded on the stationary-action principle (also known as the principle of least action). It was introduced by the Italian-French mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange in his presentation to the Turin Academy of Science in 1760 [ 1 ] culminating in his 1788 ...

  4. Analytical mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_mechanics

    A scalar is a quantity, whereas a vector is represented by quantity and direction. The results of these two different approaches are equivalent, but the analytical mechanics approach has many advantages for complex problems. Analytical mechanics takes advantage of a system's constraints to solve problems.

  5. Action principles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_principles

    This approach to mechanics focuses on a single point in space and time, attempting to answer the question: "What happens next?". [3] Mechanics based on action principles begin with the concept of action, an energy tradeoff between kinetic energy and potential energy, defined by the physics of the problem. These approaches answer questions ...

  6. Multiphysics simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiphysics_simulation

    Such issue becomes quite difficult when different types numerical methods are used for the simulations of individual physical aspects. For example, when simulating a fluid-structure interaction problem with typical Eulerian finite volume method for flow and Lagrangian finite element method for structure dynamics.

  7. Hierarchy problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_problem

    In theoretical physics, the hierarchy problem is the problem concerning the large discrepancy between aspects of the weak force and gravity. [1] There is no scientific consensus on why, for example, the weak force is 10 24 times stronger than gravity .

  8. Many-body problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-body_problem

    Thus, many-body theoretical physics most often relies on a set of approximations specific to the problem at hand, and ranks among the most computationally intensive fields of science. In many cases, emergent phenomena may arise which bear little resemblance to the underlying elementary laws.

  9. Fermi problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_problem

    A Fermi problem (or Fermi quiz, Fermi question, Fermi estimate), also known as an order-of-magnitude problem (or order-of-magnitude estimate, order estimation), is an estimation problem in physics or engineering education, designed to teach dimensional analysis or approximation of extreme scientific calculations.