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Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of clinically evident vitamin B 12 deficiency worldwide. [14] Pernicious anemia due to autoimmune problems occurs in about one per 1000 people in the US. Among those over the age of 60, about 2% have the condition. [8] It more commonly affects people of northern European descent. [2]
The most common are pernicious anemia possibly leading to vitamin B 12 deficiency; and malabsorption of iron, leading to iron deficiency anaemia. [2] It can be caused by persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori, or can be autoimmune in origin.
Iron-deficiency anemia. Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) may be the only symptom for CD, [ 26 ] detected in subclinical CD [ 27 ] and is accompanied by a decrease in serum ferritin levels. [ 28 ] This can cause addition problems (see: symptoms of IDA and certain conditions like such as Paterson-Brown Kelly ( Plummer–Vinson syndrome ). [ 29 ]
Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia in adults, which results from malabsorption of vitamin B 12 due to a lack or loss of intrinsic factor. [2] [8] There are relatively few studies which have assessed the impact of haematological measures in response to B 12 supplementation.
Pernicious anemia: D51.0: 9870: Pernicious anemia (also known as macrocytic achylic anemia, congenital pernicious anemia, juvenile pernicious anemia, and Vitamin B12 deficiency) is one of many types of the larger family of megaloblastic anemias. It is caused by loss of gastric parietal cells, and subsequent inability to absorb vitamin B 12.
A long-term deficiency in vitamin B 12 can lead to megaloblastic anemia, characterized by large fragile red blood cells. Pernicious anaemia results from autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells, precluding the synthesis of intrinsic factor and, by extension, absorption of vitamin B 12. Pernicious anemia also leads to megaloblastic anemia.
[3] [6] The GI bleeding can result in anemia. [6] [7] It is often overlooked, but can be more common in elderly patients. [3] [7] It has been seen in a female patient of 26 years of age. [6] Watermelon stomach has a different etiology and has a differential diagnosis from portal hypertension.
Symptoms: Most of the time none, but may cause and not limited to, heartburn, stomach pain, and early satiety: Complications: Anemia, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: Causes: Pernicious anemia, helicobacter pylori infection, hypothyroidism, stomach surgery, nutritional deficiencies, and long term use of medications to treat heartburn