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The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child. There are over 6,000 known genetic disorders in humans.
Most chromosome abnormalities occur as an accident in the egg cell or sperm, and therefore the anomaly is present in every cell of the body. Some anomalies, however, can happen after conception, resulting in Mosaicism (where some cells have the anomaly and some do not). Chromosome anomalies can be inherited from a parent or be "de novo". This ...
Most genetic disorders are rare in themselves. [5] [8] Genetic disorders are present before birth, and some genetic disorders produce birth defects, but birth defects can also be developmental rather than hereditary. The opposite of a hereditary disease is an acquired disease.
Birth defects may result from genetic or chromosomal disorders, exposure to certain medications or chemicals, or certain infections during pregnancy. [4] Risk factors include folate deficiency , drinking alcohol or smoking during pregnancy, poorly controlled diabetes , and a mother over the age of 35 years old.
Chromosome 16 abnormalities; Chromosome 18 abnormalities; Chromosome 20 abnormalities; Chromosome 22 abnormalities; Cleft lip/palate; Cleidocranial dysostosis; Club foot; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG) Congenital ...
Sex chromosome anomalies belong to a group of genetic conditions that are caused or affected by the loss, damage or addition of one or both sex chromosomes (also called gonosomes). In humans this may refer to: 45, X, also known as Turner syndrome; 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, also known as X0/XY mosaicism and mixed gonadal dysgenesis; 46, XX/XY
Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth. They may include aneuploidies, structural abnormalities, or neoplasms. Acardiac twin; Achondrogenesis; Achondroplasia; Adrenal hematoma; Agenesis of the corpus callosum; Amniotic band syndrome ...
Birth Defects: Original Article Series, Vol 2, No 2 (The National Foundation, New York 1966). London Conference (1963): "London Conference on the Normal Human Karyotype." Cytogenetics 2:264–268 (1963) Denver Conference (1960): "A proposed standard system of nomenclature of human mitotic chromosomes." The Lancet 275.7133 (1960): 1063-1065.