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Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})
Python's is operator may be used to compare object identities (comparison by reference), and comparisons may be chained—for example, a <= b <= c. Python uses and, or, and not as Boolean operators. Python has a type of expression named a list comprehension, and a more general expression named a generator expression. [78] Anonymous functions ...
In functional programming, a monad is a structure that combines program fragments and wraps their return values in a type with additional computation. In addition to defining a wrapping monadic type, monads define two operators: one to wrap a value in the monad type, and another to compose together functions that output values of the monad type (these are known as monadic functions).
A direct operator can also be called a dop (pronounced "dee op"). They were invented by John Scholes in 1996. [ 1 ] They are a unique combination of array programming , higher-order function, and functional programming , and are a major distinguishing advance of early 21st century APL over prior versions.
Functional programs do not have assignment statements, that is, the value of a variable in a functional program never changes once defined. This eliminates any chances of side effects because any variable can be replaced with its actual value at any point of execution. So, functional programs are referentially transparent. [77]
For brevity, these words will have the specified meanings in the following tables (unless noted to be part of language syntax): funcN A function.
President-elect Trump on Tuesday urged Republicans to be “smart and tough” in the face of potential Democratic efforts to delay the confirmation of his nominees. “We just won a Historic ...
Functional and logic compilers often use CPS as an intermediate representation where a compiler for an imperative or procedural programming language would use static single assignment form (SSA). [4] SSA is formally equivalent to a subset of CPS (excluding non-local control flow, which does not occur when CPS is used as intermediate ...