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  2. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Python supports a wide variety of string operations. Strings in Python are immutable, so a string operation such as a substitution of characters, that in other programming languages might alter the string in place, returns a new string in Python. Performance considerations sometimes push for using special techniques in programs that modify ...

  3. Monad (functional programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monad_(functional_programming)

    In functional programming, a monad is a structure that combines program fragments and wraps their return values in a type with additional computation. In addition to defining a wrapping monadic type, monads define two operators: one to wrap a value in the monad type, and another to compose together functions that output values of the monad type (these are known as monadic functions).

  4. Python (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)

    Python's is operator may be used to compare object identities (comparison by reference), and comparisons may be chained—for example, a <= b <= c. Python uses and, or, and not as Boolean operators. Python has a type of expression named a list comprehension, and a more general expression named a generator expression. [78] Anonymous functions ...

  5. Comparison of programming languages (functional programming)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    For brevity, these words will have the specified meanings in the following tables (unless noted to be part of language syntax): funcN A function.

  6. Functional programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming

    Some functional programming languages might not optimize abstractions such as higher order functions like "map" or "filter" as efficiently as the underlying imperative operations. Consider, as an example, the following two ways to check if 5 is an even number in Clojure :

  7. Direct function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_function

    A direct operator can also be called a dop (pronounced "dee op"). They were invented by John Scholes in 1996. [ 1 ] They are a unique combination of array programming , higher-order function, and functional programming , and are a major distinguishing advance of early 21st century APL over prior versions.

  8. Dataflow programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataflow_programming

    A BLODI specification of functional units (amplifiers, adders, delay lines, etc.) and their interconnections was compiled into a single loop that updated the entire system for one clock tick. In a 1966 Ph.D. thesis, The On-line Graphical Specification of Computer Procedures , [ 10 ] Bert Sutherland created one of the first graphical dataflow ...

  9. Message passing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_passing

    In computer science, message passing is a technique for invoking behavior (i.e., running a program) on a computer.The invoking program sends a message to a process (which may be an actor or object) and relies on that process and its supporting infrastructure to then select and run some appropriate code.