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Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (French: Surveiller et punir : Naissance de la prison) is a 1975 book by French philosopher Michel Foucault.It is an analysis of the social and theoretical mechanisms behind the changes that occurred in Western penal systems during the modern age based on historical documents from France.
Disciplinary institutions (French: institution disciplinaire) is a concept proposed by Michel Foucault in Discipline and Punish (1975). School, prison, barracks, or the hospital are examples of historical disciplinary institutions, all created in their modern form in the 19th century with the Industrial Revolution.
The concept of normalization can be found in the work of Michel Foucault, especially Discipline and Punish, in the context of his account of disciplinary power.As Foucault used the term, normalization involved the construction of an idealized norm of conduct – for example, the way a proper soldier ideally should stand, march, present arms, and so on, as defined in minute detail – and then ...
Instead, Foucault argues, the body has been and is continuously shaped by society and history—by work, diet, body ideals, exercise, medical interventions, etc. Foucault presents no "theory" of the body, but does write about it in Discipline and Punish as well as in The History of Sexuality. Foucault was critical of all purely biological ...
Michel Foucault, The Birth of the Clinic, 1973; Lucien Goldmann, Towards a Sociology of the Novel. New York: Tavistock Publications, 1974; Michel Foucault, Mental Illness and Psychology. New York: Harper and Row, 1976; Michel Foucault, The Archaeology of Knowledge, 1976; Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, 1976
[1] [2] This form of analysis developed out of Foucault's genealogical work, where power was linked to the formation of discourse within specific historical periods. Some versions of this method stress the genealogical application of discourse analysis to illustrate how discourse is produced to govern social groups. [ 3 ]
In Discipline and Punish, Foucault traced the genealogy of contemporary forms of the penal or carceral system, from the eighteenth century until the mid-1970s in the Western world. [ 2 ] The "culture of spectacle" included public displays of torture, dismemberment, and obliteration of the human body as punishment. [ 17 ]
Michel Foucault, The Order of Things, 1966; Gilles Deleuze, Difference and Repetition, 1968; Gilles Deleuze, The Logic of Sense, 1969; Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Capitalism and Schizophrenia, 1972–1980; Jean Baudrillard, The Mirror of Production, 1973; Luce Irigaray, Speculum of the Other Woman, 1974; Michel Foucault, Discipline and ...