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Tsar and its variants were the official titles in the First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018), Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1396), the Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1946), the Serbian Empire (1346–1371), and the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721). The first ruler to adopt the title tsar was Simeon I of Bulgaria. [6]
Kaiser is the German title for emperor. In general, the German title in principle applies to rulers anywhere in the world above the rank of king ( König ). In English, the word kaiser is mainly applied to the emperors of the unified German Empire (1871–1918) and the emperors of the Austrian Empire (1804–1918).
Czar, sometimes spelled tsar, is an informal title used for certain high-level officials in the United States and United Kingdom, typically granted broad power to address a particular issue. The title is usually treated as gender-neutral although the technically correct Russian term for a female title holder would be czarina .
Peter the Great changed his title from tsar to emperor in order to secure Russia's position in the European states system. [137] While later rulers did not discard the new title, the Russian monarch was commonly known as the tsar or tsaritsa until the imperial system was abolished during the February Revolution of 1917.
The English spelling is derived from the German czarin or zarin, in the same way as the French tsarine / czarine, and the Spanish and Italian czarina / zarina. [1] (A tsar's daughter is a tsarevna.) "Tsarina" or "tsaritsa" was the title of the female supreme ruler in the following states: Bulgaria: in 913–1018, in 1185–1422 and in 1908–1946
The name borrowed from modern Latin-based languages should be written the way it's written in this particular language – e.g. Harry, Angela, Paulina, Jeanne, Roland, Victor, Victoria etc. The same applies to foreigners whose names were customarily adopted into their Russian equivalents (most of them are not problematic though – e.g. Adam ...
Tsar, or tzar, csar, or czar, is a title used for monarchs or supreme rulers of Eastern Europe and Russia. Tsar , tzar , csar , or czar may also refer to: Czar (political term) , an informal title used for certain high-level officials in the US and UK
It is often confused with the much more general term tsarevich, the title for any son of any tsar, including non-Russian rulers such as those of Crimea, Siberia, and Georgia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Normally, there was only one tsesarevich at a time (an exception was Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich , who was accorded the title until death, even though law ...