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The descending motion of air associating with the sinking branch produces surface divergence consistent with the prominence of subtropical high-pressure areas. [3] These semipermanent regions of high pressure lie primarily over the ocean between 20° and 40° latitude. [68]
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones ... The upper-level divergence over the near-equatorial trough leads to air rising and moving ...
Some tropical or subtropical regions such as the Philippines or South China are greatly affected by convection cells along a trough. In the mid-latitude westerlies, upper level troughs and ridges often alternate in a high-amplitude pattern. For a trough in the westerlies, the region just west of the trough axis is typically an area of ...
The subtropical ridge moves poleward during the summer, reaching its highest latitude in early autumn, before moving back during the cold season. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can displace the northern hemisphere subtropical ridge, with La Niña allowing for a more northerly axis for the ridge, while El Niños show flatter, more ...
This causes a mass accumulation that eventually leads to a vertical movement and to the formation of clouds and precipitation. [1] Large-scale convergence, called synoptic-scale convergence, is associated with weather systems such as baroclinic troughs , low-pressure areas , and cyclones .
Clouds dissipating in the subtropical ridge. An important atmospheric ridge is the subtropical ridge . It is a series of ridges near the horse latitude characterized by mostly calm winds, which act to reduce air quality under its axis by causing fog overnight, and haze during daylight hours as a result of the stable atmosphere found near its ...
Subtropical high-pressure zones form under the ... or above the level of non-divergence, ... out of high-pressure systems and causes wind to flow ...
On smaller scales, cyclonic winds induce Ekman transport which causes net divergence and upwelling, or Ekman suction, [15] while anti-cyclonic winds cause net convergence and downwelling, or Ekman pumping [20] Ekman transport is also a factor in the circulation of the ocean gyres and garbage patches.