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  2. Wohlwill process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wohlwill_process

    The Wohlwill process is an industrial-scale chemical procedure used to refine gold to the highest degree of purity (99.999%). [1] The process was invented in 1874 by Emil Wohlwill . This electrochemical process involves using a cast gold ingot , often called a doré bar , of 95%+ gold to serve as an anode .

  3. Miller process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_process

    The resulting gold is 99.5% pure, but of lower purity than gold produced by the other common refining method, the Wohlwill process, which produces gold of up to 99.999% purity. [1] [2] The Wohlwill process is commonly used for producing high-purity gold, such as in electronics work, where exacting standards of purity are required.

  4. Gold extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_extraction

    Gold extraction is the extraction of gold from dilute ores using a combination of chemical processes. Gold mining produces about 3600 tons annually, [1] and another 300 tons is produced from recycling. [2] Since the 20th century, gold has been principally extracted in a cyanide process by leaching the ore with cyanide solution.

  5. Gold parting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_parting

    Craddock, P. T. 2000a Historical Survey of Gold Refining: 1 Surface Treatments and Refining Worldwide, and in Europe Prior to AD 1500. In A. Ramage and P. T Craddock (eds) King Croesus' Gold; Excavations at Sardis and the History of Gold Refining. London: British Museum Press, 27–53. ISBN 978-0-674-50370-0, 0-674-50370-8

  6. Six Reasons Businesses Can't Live Without Gold

    www.aol.com/2011/09/13/six-reasons-businesses...

    In chemical processes, a gold catalyst can lower both the temperature and pressure needed to start a reaction, thereby reducing the amount of fuel needed -- and thus the cost of production. 3 ...

  7. Gold cyanidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_cyanidation

    The chemical reaction for the dissolution of gold, the "Elsner equation", follows: 4 Au + 8 NaCN + O 2 + 2 H 2 O → 4 Na[Au(CN) 2] + 4 NaOH. Potassium cyanide and calcium cyanide are sometimes used in place of sodium cyanide. Gold is one of the few metals that dissolves in the presence of cyanide ions and oxygen.

  8. Refining (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining_(metallurgy)

    In metallurgy, refining consists of purifying an impure metal. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining the final material is chemically identical to the raw material. Refining thus increases the purity of the raw material ...

  9. Borax method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borax_method

    The borax method of gold extraction has been used by artisanal gold miners in the Benguet area north of Manila in the Philippines for more than 30 years. Some believe it was in practice as early as the 1900s. [who?] The method is increasingly being seen as a safe alternative to the widespread use of toxic mercury in artisanal gold mining today ...

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