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Originally the second of three degrees in sequence – Legum Baccalaureus (LL.B., last conferred by an American law school in 1970); LL.M.; and Legum Doctor (LL.D.) or Doctor of Laws, which has only been conferred in the United States as an honorary degree but is an earned degree in other countries. In American legal academia, the LL.M. was ...
An academic degree is a qualification awarded to a student upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university.These institutions often offer degrees at various levels, usually divided into undergraduate and postgraduate degrees.
the first form is a more general bachelor's or master's degree with a specialty tag appended to the title (e.g., Bachelor of Science in Nursing); the second form is even more specialized (e.g., Master of Business Administration, Doctor of Medicine, etc.) and is generally associated with a professional education curriculum. [citation needed]
A name suffix in the Western English-language naming tradition, follows a person's surname (last name) and provides additional information about the person. Post-nominal letters indicate that the individual holds a position, educational degree, accreditation, office, or honor (e.g. " PhD ", " CCNA ", " OBE ").
Degree abbreviations are used as an alternative way to specify an academic degree instead of spelling out the title in full, such as in reference books such as Who's Who and on business cards. Many degree titles have more than one possible abbreviation, with the abbreviation used varying between different universities.
Professional titles in the anglophone world are usually used as a suffix following the person's name, such as John Smith, Esq., and are thus termed post-nominal letters. However, many European countries use prenominal letters such as Eur Ing. In the UK, many professional titles are 'chartered' such as Chartered Engineer or Chartered Physicist.
Docent (associate professor), both degree (written doc. before name) and position. The degree is awarded by the rector after a certain number of years of teaching and after a successful accomplishment of habilitácia (a process concluded by a defense of a reviewed research manuscript and a public lecture).
In academic contexts, it is common to give an abbreviation of name of the school awarding the degree after the letters for the degree itself. The way school names are abbreviated can vary. For example, a PhD from Memorial University of Newfoundland can be found written as PhD (MUN) or PhD (Memorial). When a person has multiple degrees from the ...