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Anytime a flight is operating in VMC and in a volume of airspace in which VFR traffic can operate, the crew is responsible for seeing and avoiding VFR traffic; however, because the flight is conducted under instrument flight rules, ATC still provides separation services from other IFR traffic, and can in many cases also advise the crew of the ...
The initial altitude is sometimes stated on the charts. If not, it will be given by the air traffic controller. The departure frequency is given to the pilot when ATC hands the aircraft over to the next sector. A typical IFR clearance would be: OOABC, cleared to Ostend via the DENUT 7C departure, climb flight level six zero, squawk four six ...
Free flight is a new concept being developed to take the place of the current air traffic management methods through the use of technology. True free flight eliminates the need for air traffic control (ATC) operators by giving the responsibility to the pilot in command. This gives the pilot the ability to change trajectory in mid-flight. With ...
In United States and Canadian aviation, the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) [1] (formerly the Airman's Information Manual) is the respective nation's official guide to basic flight information and air traffic control procedures. These manuals contains the fundamentals required in order to fly legally in the country of origin.
The Flight Safety section of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is responsible for PANS-OPS, [1] which outlines the principles for airspace protection and procedure design to which all ICAO signatory states must adhere. The regulatory material surrounding PANS-OPS may vary from country to country.
In aviation, a standard terminal arrival route (STAR) is a published flight procedure followed by aircraft on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan just before reaching a destination airport. A STAR is an air traffic control (ATC)-coded IFR arrival route established for application to arriving IFR aircraft destined for certain airports.
In the US, Canada and Europe for eastbound (heading 0–179 degrees) IFR flights, the flight plan must list an "odd" flight level in 2000 foot increments starting at FL190 (i.e., FL190, FL210, FL230, etc.); Westbound (heading 180–359 degrees) IFR flights must list an "even" flight level in 2000 foot increments starting at FL180 (i.e., FL180 ...
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight below 18,000 ft ASL when no other code has been assigned. [7] ICAO: Non-discrete mode A code reserved use in mode S radar/ADS-B environment where the aircraft identification will be used to correlate the flight plan instead of the mode A code. [1] US: Used exclusively by ADS-B aircraft to inhibit mode 3A ...