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The feet of an Arabic poem are traditionally represented by mnemonic words called tafāʿīl (تفاعيل).In most poems there are eight of these: four in the first half of the verse and four in the second; in other cases, there will be six of them, meaning three in the first half of the verse and three in the second.
Arabic Grammar in its Formative Age: Kitāb al-‘ayn and its Attribution to Halīl b. Aḥmad, Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, 25 (Leiden: Brill, 1997). Includes a thorough assessment of al-Khalil's biography. Abdel-Malek, Zaki N. (2019) Towards a New Theory of Arabic Prosody, 5th ed. (Revised), Posted online with free access.
Al-Khalīl ibn ʿAḥmad al-Farāhīdī (711–786 CE) was the first Arab scholar to subject the prosody of Arabic poetry to a detailed phonological study. He failed to produce a coherent, integrated theory which satisfies the requirements of generality, adequacy, and simplicity; instead, he merely listed and categorized the primary data, thus ...
ˀAḫmad al-Farāhīdī's contribution to the study of Arabic prosody is undeniably significant: he was the first scholar to subject Arabic poetry to a meticulous, painstaking metrical analysis. Unfortunately, he fell short of producing a coherent theory; instead, he was content to merely gather, classify, and categorize the primary data—a ...
Rajaz (رَجَز, literally 'tremor, spasm, convulsion as may occur in the behind of a camel when it wants to rise' [1]) is a metre used in classical Arabic poetry. A poem composed in this metre is an urjūza. The metre accounts for about 3% of surviving ancient and classical Arabic verse. [2] Some historians believe that rajaz evolved from ...
Arabic prosody, study of poetic meters in Arabic; Aruz, Persian, Turkic and Urdu prosody, using the ʿarūż meters; English prosody, in the English language; Greek prosody, the theory and practice of versification in Greek; Kannada prosody, the study of metres used in Kannada poetry; Latin prosody, the study of Latin poetry and its laws of meter
The Arabic word used for literature is Adab, which comes from a meaning of etiquette, and which implies politeness, culture and enrichment. [1] Arabic literature emerged in the 5th century with only fragments of the written language appearing before then. The Qur'an [2] would have the greatest lasting effect on Arab culture and its literature.
The ʿarūż [a] (from Arabic عروض ʿarūḍ), also called ʿarūż prosody, is the Persian, Turkic and Urdu prosody, using the ʿarūż meters. [b] The earliest founder of this versification system was Khalil ibn Ahmad. There were 16 meters of ʿarūż at first. Later Persian scholars added 3 more.