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Natural calcium is a mixture of five stable isotopes (40 Ca, 42 Ca, 43 Ca, 44 Ca, and 46 Ca) and one isotope with a half-life so long that it is for all practical purposes stable (48 Ca, with a half-life of about 4.3 × 10 19 years). Calcium is the first (lightest) element to have six naturally occurring isotopes.
It is the raw material for the manufacture of quicklime (calcium oxide), slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), cement and mortar. [59] Pulverized limestone is used as a soil conditioner to neutralize acidic soils (agricultural lime). [115] Is crushed for use as aggregate—the solid base for many roads as well as in asphalt concrete. [59]
This is a list of minerals which have Wikipedia articles. Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species .
Caliche forms where annual precipitation is less than 65 centimeters (26 in) per year and the mean annual temperature exceeds 5 °C (41 °F). Higher rainfall leaches excess calcium completely from the soil, while in very arid climates, rainfall is inadequate to leach calcium at all and only thin surface layers of calcite are formed.
Some "minerals" are essential for life, but most are not. [1] [2] [3] Minerals are one of the four groups of essential nutrients; the others are vitamins, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids. [4] The five major minerals in the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium. [2]
In a study of 542,000 women, consuming the amount of calcium found in a glass of milk a day was linked to a lower colorectal cancer risk Foods such as figs and tofu also contain the mineral.
About 2 g of calcium-48. Calcium-48 is a doubly magic nucleus with 28 neutrons; unusually neutron-rich for a light primordial nucleus. It decays via double beta decay with an extremely long half-life of about 6.4×10 19 years, though single beta decay is also theoretically possible. [22]
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