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A remortgage (known as refinancing in the United States) is the process of paying off one mortgage with the proceeds from a new mortgage using the same property as security. [1] The term is mainly used commercially in the United Kingdom , though what it describes is not unique to any one country.
The consequences of overdiagnosis and overtreatment resulting from cancer screening can lead to a decline in quality of life, due to the adverse effects of unnecessary medication and hospitalization. [10] [12] [13] The accuracy of a cancer screening test relies on its sensitivity, and low sensitivity screening tests can overlook cancers. [10]
[14] [15] Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. [11] The benefits of screening for breast cancer are controversial. [11] [16] Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. [2] [4] Pain and symptom management are an important part of care. [2]
Prostate cancer screening is the screening process used to detect undiagnosed prostate cancer in men without signs or symptoms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When abnormal prostate tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat and cure, but it is unclear if early detection reduces mortality rates.
The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors (TNM) is a globally recognised standard for classifying the anatomical extent of the spread of malignant tumours (cancer). It has gained wide international acceptance for many solid tumor cancers, but is not applicable to leukaemia or tumors of the central nervous system.
The risk for anal cancer is 17 to 31 times higher among HIV-positive individuals who were coinfected with high-risk HPV, and 80 times higher for particularly HIV-positive men who have sex with men. [65] Anal Pap smear screening for anal cancer might benefit some subpopulations of men or women engaging in anal sex. [66]
Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) is a set of published rules that define when tumors in cancer patients improve ("respond"), stay the same ("stabilize"), or worsen ("progress") during treatment.
The signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer depend on the location of the tumor in the bowel, and whether it has spread elsewhere in the body ().The classic warning signs include: worsening constipation, blood in the stool, decrease in stool caliber (thickness), loss of appetite, loss of weight, and nausea or vomiting in someone over 50 years old. [15]