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Whereas statistics and data analysis procedures generally yield their output in numeric or tabular form, graphical techniques allow such results to be displayed in some sort of pictorial form. They include plots such as scatter plots , histograms , probability plots , spaghetti plots , residual plots, box plots , block plots and biplots .
Box plot : In descriptive statistics, a boxplot, also known as a box-and-whisker diagram or plot, is a convenient way of graphically depicting groups of numerical data through their five-number summaries (the smallest observation, lower quartile (Q1), median (Q2), upper quartile (Q3), and largest observation). A boxplot may also indicate which ...
The graphics show the mathematics achievement scores in dependency on the socio-economic status of the students (x axis) and on the average socio-economic status of all students at the same school (y axis). The four graphic panels differentiate the students according to sex and membership of a minority ethnic group.
Figure 2. Box-plot with whiskers from minimum to maximum Figure 3. Same box-plot with whiskers drawn within the 1.5 IQR value. A boxplot is a standardized way of displaying the dataset based on the five-number summary: the minimum, the maximum, the sample median, and the first and third quartiles.
In older literature, [citation needed] "linear score" may refer to the score with respect to infinitesimal translation of a given density. This convention arises from a time when the primary parameter of interest was the mean or median of a distribution.
The data shown is a random sample of 10,000 points from a normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. The data used to construct a histogram are generated via a function m i that counts the number of observations that fall into each of the disjoint categories (known as bins ).
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The scattered points are the input scores of observations and the arrows show the contribution of each feature to the input loading vectors. Spectramap biplot of Anderson's iris data set Discriminant analysis biplot of Fisher's iris data. Biplots are a type of exploratory graph used in statistics, a generalization of the simple two-variable ...