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G-code (also RS-274) is the most widely used computer numerical control (CNC) and 3D printing programming language. It is used mainly in computer-aided manufacturing to control automated machine tools, as well as for 3D-printer slicer applications. The G stands for geometry. G-code has many variants.
Later XNC was designed, a simple strict subset of IPC-NC-349, designed not for driving machines but for exchanging drill information between CAD and CAM. They are collectively referred to as (PCB) NC files. [1] [2] The NC files are primarily used to drive CNC machines, and they are adequate for that task.
This is where CAM becomes especially vital and far outshines manual programming. Typically the CAM vector output is postprocessed into G-code by a postprocessor program that is tailored to the particular CNC control model. Some late-model CNC controls accept the vector output directly, and do the translation to servo inputs themselves, internally.
The part program is a sequence of instruction that describe the work that is to be done to a part. Typically these instructions are generated in Computer-aided manufacturing software and are then fed into the computer numerical control (CNC) software on the machines, such as drills, lathes, mills, grinders, routers, that are performing work on the part.
CNC mills or routers include proprietary software which interprets 2D vector drawings or 3D models and converts this information to a G-code, which represents specific CNC functions in an alphanumeric format, which the CNC mill can interpret. The G-codes drive a machine tool, a powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate components. [4]
STEP-NC interface on a CNC, showing product shape and color-coded tolerance state. STEP-NC is a machine tool control language that extends the ISO 10303 STEP standards with the machining model in ISO 14649, [1] adding geometric dimension and tolerance data for inspection, and the STEP PDM model for integration into the wider enterprise.
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On some controllers the G-code can be loaded as a vector file on the router control panel. A vector file can be created from a picture file by using a drawing (CAD) software. The human operator selects the machine tool (such as a 1 ⁄ 4-inch (6-MM) v-bit or a 3 ⁄ 4-inch core box bit), speed, cut depth and tool path. For cut path, most ...