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The density can be calculated by dividing the grammage of paper (in grams per square metre or "gsm") by its caliper (usually in micrometres, occasionally in mils). [1] The "ISO 534:2011, Paper and board — Determination of thickness, density and specific volume" indicates that the paper density is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm ...
However, a sheet of common copy paper that has a basis weight of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) does not have the same mass as the same size sheet of coarse paper (newsprint). In the former case, the standard ream is 500 sheets of 17-by-22-inch (432 by 559 mm) paper, and in the latter, 500 sheets of 24-by-36-inch (610 by 914 mm) paper.
Most nations describe paper in terms of grammage—the weight in grams of one sheet of the paper measuring one square meter.. Other people, especially in the United States, describe paper in terms of pound weight—the weight in pounds per ream (500 sheets) of the paper with a given area (based on historical production sizes before trimming): for card stock, this is 20 by 26 in (508 by 660 mm ...
In the paper and fabric industries, it is called grammage and is expressed in grams per square meter (g/m 2); for paper in particular, it may be expressed as pounds per ream of standard sizes ("basis ream"). A related area number density can be defined by replacing mass by number of particles or other countable quantity, with resulting units of ...
An adjunct to the ISO paper sizes, particularly the A series, are the technical drawing line widths specified in ISO 128. For example, line type A ("Continuous - thick", used for "visible outlines") has a standard thickness of 0.7 mm on an A0-sized sheet, 0.5 mm on an A1 sheet, and 0.35 mm on A2, A3, or A4. [10]
The thou, or mil, is most commonly used in engineering and manufacturing in non-metric countries. For example, in specifying: The thickness of items such as paper, film, foil, wires, paint coatings, latex gloves, plastic sheeting, and fibers For example, most plastic ID cards are about 30 thou (0.76 mm) in thickness.
It has the height of Canadian P4 paper (215 mm × 280 mm, about 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 11 in) and the width of international A4 paper (210 mm × 297 mm or 8.27 in × 11.69 in), i.e. it uses the smaller value among the two for each side. The table shows how this format can be generalized into an entire format series.
Sensors measuring the paper quality (online meters) are attached to a sensor platform that move across the web guided by the scanner beam. A typical crossing time for a sensor platform is 10–30 s (an 8 m web, 60 cm/s). The sensor platform scans across the paper web and continuously measures paper characteristics from edge to edge.