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[124] Studies that have used pepper plants as a model have shown that ozone decreased fruit yield and changed fruit quality. [ 125 ] [ 126 ] Furthermore, it was also observed a decrease in chlorophylls levels and antioxidant defences on the leaves, as well as increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and lipid and protein damages.
Health effects depend on ozone precursors, which is a group of pollutants, primarily generated during the combustion of fossil fuels. Ground-level ozone is created by nitrous oxides reacting with organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. [ 22 ]
Maintenance respiration in plants refers to the amount of cellular respiration, measured by the carbon dioxide (CO 2) released or oxygen (O 2) consumed, during the generation of usable energy (mainly ATP, NADPH, and NADH) and metabolic intermediates used for (i) resynthesis of compounds that undergo renewal (turnover) in the normal process of metabolism (examples are enzymatic proteins ...
Nutrients in the soil are taken up by the plant through its roots, and in particular its root hairs.To be taken up by a plant, a nutrient element must be located near the root surface; however, the supply of nutrients in contact with the root is rapidly depleted within a distance of ca. 2 mm. [14] There are three basic mechanisms whereby nutrient ions dissolved in the soil solution are brought ...
In April 2023, the EPA finalized its "Good Neighbor Plan", which phases in tighter standards for NO x, using a cap and trade system during the summer "ozone season". This is intended to reduce ground-level ozone in non-attainment areas downwind of industrial sources like power plants, incinerators, and industrial furnaces, often in other states ...
Ozone is a strong oxidizing agent widely used in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater, [3] and coal chemical wastewater. [4] Its solubility in water is less and stability is also poor, which will reduce the degradation capacity of ozone towards organic molecules. [ 5 ]
Plant Health Care (PHC) is multi-dimensional management strategy for tree and plant care to preserve the vitality of the urban and community forest. [11] Arborists and Plant Health Care Specialists apply a broad range of techniques by selecting and integrating treatment options that protect and enhance the health, structure, and appearance of ...
Plant ecophysiology is concerned largely with two topics: mechanisms (how plants sense and respond to environmental change) and scaling or integration (how the responses to highly variable conditions—for example, gradients from full sunlight to 95% shade within tree canopies—are coordinated with one another), and how their collective effect on plant growth and gas exchange can be ...