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DNA laddering (left) visualised in an agarose gel by ethidium bromide staining. A 1 kb marker (middle) and control DNA (right) are included.. DNA laddering is a feature that can be observed when DNA fragments, resulting from Apoptosis DNA fragmentation are visualized after separation by gel electrophoresis the first described in 1980 by Andrew Wyllie at the University Edinburgh medical school ...
A molecular-weight size marker, also referred to as a protein ladder, DNA ladder, or RNA ladder, is a set of standards that are used to identify the approximate size of a molecule run on a gel during electrophoresis, using the principle that molecular weight is inversely proportional to migration rate through a gel matrix.
The apoptotic DNA fragmentation is being used as a marker of apoptosis and for identification of apoptotic cells either via the DNA laddering assay, [2] the TUNEL assay, [3] [4] or the by detection of cells with fractional DNA content ("sub G 1 cells") on DNA content frequency histograms e.g. as in the Nicoletti assay.
The DNA size marker is a commercial 1 kbp ladder. The position of the wells and direction of DNA migration is noted. Agarose gel electrophoresis is a method of gel electrophoresis used in biochemistry , molecular biology , genetics , and clinical chemistry to separate a mixed population of macromolecules such as DNA or proteins in a matrix of ...
The fluorochrome-based TUNEL assay applicable for flow cytometry, combining the detection of DNA strand breaks with respect to the cell cycle-phase position, was originally developed by Gorczyca et al. [4] Concurrently, the avidin-peroxidase labeling assay applicable for light absorption microscope was described by Gavrieli et al. [5] Since 1992 the TUNEL has become one of the main methods for ...
DNA footprinting is a method of investigating the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins in vitro. This technique can be used to study protein-DNA interactions both outside and within cells. The regulation of transcription has been studied extensively, and yet there is still much that is unknown.
A mobility shift assay is electrophoretic separation of a protein–DNA or protein–RNA mixture on a polyacrylamide or agarose gel for a short period (about 1.5-2 hr for a 15- to 20-cm gel). [4] The speed at which different molecules (and combinations thereof) move through the gel is determined by their size and charge, and to a lesser extent ...
The DNA fragments produced by the digest are then separated by length through a process known as agarose gel electrophoresis and transferred to a membrane via the Southern blot procedure. Hybridization of the membrane to a labeled DNA probe then determines the length of the fragments which are complementary to the probe. A restriction fragment ...