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[1] [3] [2] The HCM has been a worldwide reference for transportation and traffic engineering scholars and practitioners, and also the base of several country-specific capacity manuals. The most-recent version, the Highway Capacity Manual, Seventh Edition: A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis was released in January 2022. [4]
Modern road tires have several measurements associated with their size as specified by tire codes like 225/70R14. The first number in the code (e.g., "225") represents the nominal tire width in millimeters. This is followed by the aspect ratio (e.g.,"70"), which is the height of the sidewall expressed as a percentage of the nominal tire width.
Load-carrying capacity is shown in whole numbers for vehicles, bridges, roads, and routes. Vehicles are classified by weight, type, and effect on routes. Bridges, roads, and routes are classified by physical characteristics, type and flow of traffic, effects of weather, and other special conditions. [1] [2]
To differentiate from the earlier 90-ratio tires, the decimal point is usually omitted from the width – for example, 685-15 for a tire 6.85 inches wide. Starting in 1972 tires were specified by load rating, using a letter code. In practice, a higher load rating tire was also a wider tire. In this system a tire had a letter, optionally ...
Tire load sensitivity describes the behaviour of tires under load. Conventional pneumatic tires do not behave as classical friction theory would suggest. The load sensitivity of most real tires in their typical operating range is such that the coefficient of friction decreases as the vertical load, Fz, increases.
The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO) exists to specify and harmonise sizes of rims and their associated pneumatic tyres across the European Union.ETRTO sizes apply to rims and tyres for vehicles of all types, including bicycles.
Carrying capacity, t 450 Gross weight, t 840,5 Body volume geometric, m³ 164,9 Body volume with a "cap" 2:1, m³ 268,3 Tires 59/80R63 Wheels 44,00—63/50 Suspension pneumohydraulic, shock absorber diameter - 1700 mm Fuel tank volume, l 2 х 2800 Fuel consumption, l/100 km 1300 Maximum speed, km/h 64 Powerplant Diesel engine model
The standard rail weight for British railways is now 113 lb/yd (56.1 kg/m). Before the 1990s, most diesel locomotives were built to a maximum axle load of 19 long tons (19.3 tonnes; 21.3 short tons) so the maximum locomotive weight was 76 long tons (77.2 tonnes; 85.1 short tons) for a four-axle locomotive and 114 long tons (115.8 tonnes; 127.7 short tons) for a six-axle one.