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Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit (the peppercorn), which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. The fruit is a drupe (stonefruit) which is about 5 mm (0.20 in) in diameter (fresh and fully mature), dark red, and contains a stone which encloses a single pepper seed.
The amount of piperine varies from 1–2% in long pepper, to 5–10% in commercial white and black peppers. [6] [7] Piperine can also be prepared by treating the solvent-free residue from a concentrated alcoholic extract of black pepper with a solution of potassium hydroxide to remove resin (said to contain chavicine, an isomer of piperine). [7]
Kampot pepper is grown, produced and sold in green, black, white and red varieties, all from the same plant. [4] The climate of Kampot Province offers perfect conditions for growing pepper and the quartz content of the soil in the foothills of the Elephant Mountains helps to give Kampot pepper its unique terroir. [5] [6]
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The Piperaceae (/ ˌ p ɪ p ə ˈ r eɪ ʃ iː /), also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in five genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two main genera: Piper (2,171 species) and Peperomia (over 1,000 species). [4]
Black pepper is native to southern India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions. The fruit is a small drupe five millimetres in diameter, dark red when fully mature, containing a single seed .
Piperaceae or the pepper family, a large family of flowering plants Black pepper; Long pepper; Kampot pepper; Capsicum or pepper, a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae Bell pepper; Chili pepper; Sichuan pepper, a strong spice "Alder pepper", the flower of Alnus alnobetula