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A new review of existing studies pinpoints the most effective strategies that can help a person quit smoking. These include a common anti-nicotine drug, a plant-based drug, and nicotine e-cigarettes.
In 2011, a randomized controlled trial with 740 patients found cytisine improved 12-month abstinence from nicotine from 2.4% with placebo to 8.4% with cytisine. [12] A 2013 meta-analysis of eight studies demonstrated that cytisine has similar effectiveness to varenicline but with substantially lower side effects. [13]
In nicotine-dependent smokers, quitting smoking can lead to nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as nicotine cravings, anxiety, irritability, depression, and weight gain. [23]: 2298 Professional smoking cessation support methods generally attempt to address nicotine withdrawal symptoms to help the person break free of nicotine addiction.
The common side effects from nicotine exposure are listed in the table below. Serious adverse events due to the use of nicotine replacement therapy are extremely rare. [ 47 ] At low amounts, it has a mild analgesic effect. [ 38 ]
Side effects are similar to those from nicotine in general and oral nicotine products, Hrywna says. “Issues like nausea, elevated heart rate, and mouth irritation could also occur with a product ...
Nicotine withdrawal is a group of symptoms that occur in the first few weeks after stopping or decreasing use of nicotine. Symptoms include intense cravings for nicotine, anger or irritability , anxiety , depression , impatience, trouble sleeping , restlessness , hunger , weight gain , and difficulty concentrating.
Regular users of nicotine can experience withdrawal symptoms, including irritability, cravings, anxiety, depression, sleep problems and increased appetite, according to the National Institute on ...
The health effects of long-term nicotine use is unknown. [18] It may be decades before the long-term health effects of nicotine e-cigarette aerosol inhalation is known. [19] Short-term nicotine use excites the autonomic ganglia nerves and autonomic nerves, but chronic use seems to induce negative effects on endothelial cells. [20]
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