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The notion of doubling time dates to interest on loans in Babylonian mathematics. Clay tablets from circa 2000 BCE include the exercise "Given an interest rate of 1/60 per month (no compounding), come the doubling time." This yields an annual interest rate of 12/60 = 20%, and hence a doubling time of 100% growth/20% growth per year = 5 years.
Proliferation, as one of the hallmarks and most fundamental biological processes in tumors, [1] is associated with tumor progression, response to therapy, and cancer patient survival. [2] Consequently, the evaluation of a tumor proliferative index (or growth fraction) has clinical significance in characterizing many solid tumors and hematologic ...
The doubling time (t d) of a population is the time required for the population to grow to twice its size. [24] We can calculate the doubling time of a geometric population using the equation: N t = λ t N 0 by exploiting our knowledge of the fact that the population (N) is twice its size (2N) after the doubling time. [20]
Extravasation occurs when circulating tumor cells leave the bloodstream and invade new tissues, guided by molecules like integrins. [23] Integrins help the cells attach and move into their new environment. Once settled, cancer cells form a metastatic niche that helps them grow and establish a new tumor in a new location.
The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors (TNM) is a globally recognised standard for classifying the anatomical extent of the spread of malignant tumours (cancer). It has gained wide international acceptance for many solid tumor cancers, but is not applicable to leukaemia or tumors of the central nervous system.
NCI/ADR-RES, originally classified as breast cancer cell line, was identified as being an ovarian tumor cell line. [8] NCI/ADR-RES appears to have been derived at some point in time from cell line OVCAR-8. [8] Originally the cell line was named MCF-7/ADR-RES; it was renamed together with the change in classification. [8]
The doubling time is about 36–48 hours. The cell line was derived from a 36-year-old woman who was originally reported to have acute promyelocytic leukemia at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. [1] HL-60 cells predominantly show neutrophilic promyelocytic morphology. [1]
Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) has long been divided into two clinicopathological stages, termed limited stage (LS) and extensive stage (ES). [8] The stage is generally determined by the presence or absence of metastases, whether or not the tumor appears limited to the thorax, and whether or not the entire tumor burden within the chest can feasibly be encompassed within a single radiotherapy ...