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A valediction (derivation from Latin vale dicere, "to say farewell"), [1] parting phrase, or complimentary close in American English, [2] is an expression used to say farewell, especially a word or phrase used to end a letter or message, [3] [4] or a speech made at a farewell. [3] Valediction's counterpart is a greeting called a salutation.
The response "Roger" for "· – ·" or "R", to mean "received", also derives from this alphabet. The names Able to Fox were also widely used in the early days of hexadecimal digital encoding of text, for speaking the hexadecimal digits A to F (equivalent to decimal 10 to 15), although the written form was simply the capital letters A to F.
The Finnish word runo, meaning 'poem', is an early borrowing from Proto-Germanic, [12] and the source of the term for rune, riimukirjain, meaning 'scratched letter'. [13] The root may also be found in the Baltic languages , where Lithuanian runoti means both 'to cut (with a knife)' and 'to speak'.
Roman numerals: for example the word "six" in the clue might be used to indicate the letters VI; The name of a chemical element may be used to signify its symbol; e.g., W for tungsten; The days of the week; e.g., TH for Thursday; Country codes; e.g., "Switzerland" can indicate the letters CH; ICAO spelling alphabet: where Mike signifies M and ...
A few letters, such as that of the voiced pharyngeal fricative, ʕ , were inspired by other writing systems (in this case, the Arabic letter ﻉ , ʿayn, via the reversed apostrophe). [9] Some letter forms derive from existing letters: The right-swinging tail, as in ʈ ɖ ɳ ɽ ʂ ʐ ɻ ɭ , indicates retroflex articulation.
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents.In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most South Asian languages and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.
Letter symbolism is the study of the alphabet as a symbol, exploring its ability to represent analogically, convey meaning, and carry values beyond its practical or material function. It involves examining letters as symbols ( symbology ) or systems ( symbolic ), as well as their capacity for designation, meaning, and potential influence ...
In the Ionic dialects, where this loss of /h/ happened early, the name of the letter naturally changed to Ēta, and the letter was subsequently turned from a consonant to a new use as a vowel, denoting the long half-open /ɛː/ sound. In this function it later entered the classical orthography adopted across the whole of Greece.