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Mendelian traits behave according to the model of monogenic or simple gene inheritance in which one gene corresponds to one trait. Discrete traits (as opposed to continuously varying traits such as height) with simple Mendelian inheritance patterns are relatively rare in nature, and many of the clearest examples in humans cause disorders.
The traits are inherited independently, so that new combinations can occur. Average number ratio of phenotypes 9:3:3:1 [37] For example 3 pairs of homologous chromosomes allow 8 possible combinations, all equally likely to move into the gamete during meiosis. This is the main reason for independent assortment.
Oligogenic inheritance (Greek ὀλίγος – ὀligos = few, a little) describes a trait that is influenced by a few genes. Oligogenic inheritance represents an intermediate between monogenic inheritance in which a trait is determined by a single causative gene, and polygenic inheritance, in which a trait is influenced by many genes and often environmental factors.
Monogamy as a mating system in animals has been thought to lower levels of some pre and post copulatory competition methods. [15] [17] [24] Because of this reduction in competition in some instances the regulation of certain morphological characteristics may be lowered. This would result in a vast variety of morphological and physiological ...
These tables can be used to examine the genotypical outcome probabilities of the offspring of a single trait (allele), or when crossing multiple traits from the parents. The Punnett square is a visual representation of Mendelian inheritance, a fundamental concept in genetics discovered by Gregor Mendel. [10]
Monogenic may refer to: Monogenic signal, in the theory of analytic signals; Monogenic disorder, disease, inheritance, or trait, a single gene disorder resulting from a single mutated gene. Monogenic diabetes, or maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), forms of diabetes caused by mutations in an autosomal dominant gene; Monogenic obesity
Not all socially monogamous species exhibit pair bonding, but all pair bonding animals practice social monogamy. These characteristics aid in identifying a species as being socially monogamous. At the biological level, social monogamy affects the neurobiology of the organism through hormone pathways such as vasopressin and oxytocin. [13]
A phenotypic trait is an obvious, observable, and measurable characteristic of an organism; it is the expression of genes in an observable way. An example of a phenotypic trait is a specific hair color or eye color. Underlying genes, that make up the genotype, determine the hair color, but the hair color observed is the phenotype.