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Lumpi-ProVacInd is a live attenuated vaccine for cattle, developed by the team of scientists led by Dr. Naveen Kumar, principal scientist at National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures (NCVTC) National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, in collaboration with Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, both under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research [1] [2] for prevention of Lumpy ...
[3] [4] Vaccines are categorised into conventional and next generation vaccines. [5] [6] Animal vaccines have been found to be the most cost effective and sustainable methods of controlling infectious veterinary diseases. [6] In 2017, the veterinary vaccine industry was valued at US$7 billion and it is predicted to reach US$9 billion in 2024. [7]
Halofuginone lactate [11] has also been shown to have an 80.5% efficacy against Theirelia parva parva infections. The ultimate factor that causes death is pulmonary edema. In May 2010, a vaccine to protect cattle against East Coast fever reportedly had been approved and registered by the governments of Kenya, Malawi and Tanzania. [12]
As of 2009–2010 it is estimated that there are 1.3–1.4 billion head of cattle in the world. [47] [48] Diagram of feedlot system. This can be contrasted with more traditional grazing systems. The most common interactions with cattle involve daily feeding, cleaning and milking.
Brazil is the world's largest exporter of beef. The government regulates antibiotic use in the cattle production industry. [99] The beef cattle industry in Brazil is based on grass-fed animals in which the Nellore breed predominates. The volume of antimicrobials used is not officially published in Brazil.
The gaur can weigh up to 1,500 kilograms and attain a shoulder height up to 2.2 meters. [5] There are some breeds of domestic cattle that can be even larger than both wild species, one of them being the Chianina, bulls of which can weigh from 1,200 to 1,500 kilograms and reach a similar height to the gaur.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease in cattle caused by a virus of the family Poxviridae, also known as Neethling virus.The disease is characterized by fever, enlarged superficial lymph nodes, and multiple nodules (measuring 2–5 centimetres (1–2 in) in diameter) on the skin and mucous membranes, including those of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. [1]
The Australian Friesian Sahiwal, is an Australian breed of dairy cattle whose development commenced in the 1960s by the Queensland Government. It is a combination of the Sahiwal , a dairy breed of Bos indicus from Pakistan and Holstein ( Bos taurus ) breeds, designed for the tropical regions of Australia.