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People with AIDS often develop opportunistic infections that present with non-specific symptoms, especially low-grade fevers and weight loss. These include opportunistic infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and cytomegalovirus (CMV). CMV can cause colitis, as described above, and CMV retinitis can cause blindness. [citation needed]
In patients with HIV, starting antiretroviral therapy is especially important for restoration of the immune system and reducing the incidence rate of opportunistic infections [51] [52] In patients undergoing chemotherapy, completion of and recovery from treatment is the primary method for immune system restoration.
Common infections associated with IRIS in these patients are cryptococcosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and tuberculosis. [3] [6] Neutropenic patients When the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is less than 500 per microliter, there is an increased risk of fungal and viral opportunistic infections (OI), such as Aspergillus or CMV. While the patient ...
Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [1] [2] a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. [3] Without treatment, the average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. [4]
Cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic infection for AIDS and is particularly common among people living with AIDS in Africa. Other conditions that pose an increased risk include certain malignancies (such as lymphoma), liver cirrhosis, organ transplants, and long-term corticosteroid therapy. [20] Distribution is worldwide in soil. [21]
Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is an extremely common disease that arises in AIDS patients and HIV-infected individuals. The condition is characterized by large purple lesions on the skin and mouth. KS presents itself differently for everyone affected by it, and its symptoms and progression varies from person to person as well. [5]
Most of these conditions are opportunistic infections that are easily treated in healthy people. The staging system is different for adults and adolescents and children. [2] Stage I: HIV disease is asymptomatic and not categorized as AIDS. Stage II: include minor mucocutaneous manifestations and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections.
Other common signs include recurrent respiratory tract infections. [32] Opportunistic infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that are normally controlled by the immune system. [39] Which infections occur depends partly on what organisms are common in the person's environment. [32]