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A directory is a logical section of a file system used to hold files. Directories may also contain other directories. The cd command can be used to change into a subdirectory, move back into the parent directory, move all the way back to the root directory or move to any given directory.
Some Bash scripts should be run using the source your-script syntax rather than run as an executable command, e.g., if they contain a change directory (cd) command and the user intends that they be left in that directory after the script is complete, or they contain an export command and the user wants to modify the environment of the current ...
Where ./do_something is only executed if the cd (change directory) command was "successful" (returned an exit status of zero) and the echo command would only be executed if either the cd or the ./do_something command return an "error" (non-zero exit status).
The pushd ('push directory') command saves the current working directory to the stack then changes the working directory to the new path input by the user. If pushd is not provided with a path argument , in Unix it instead swaps the top two directories on the stack, which can be used to toggle between two directories.
Microsoft Windows file shortcuts have the ability to store the working directory. COMMAND.COM in DR-DOS 7.02 and higher provides ECHOS, a variant of the ECHO command omitting the terminating linefeed. [4] [3] This can be used to create a temporary batchjob storing the working directory in an environment variable like CD for later use, for example:
A restricted mode operation is found in the original Bourne shell [1] and its later counterpart Bash, [2] and in the KornShell. [3] In some cases a restricted shell is used in conjunction with a chroot jail, in a further attempt to limit access to the system as a whole.
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Shellshock, also known as Bashdoor, [1] is a family of security bugs [2] in the Unix Bash shell, the first of which was disclosed on 24 September 2014.Shellshock could enable an attacker to cause Bash to execute arbitrary commands and gain unauthorized access [3] to many Internet-facing services, such as web servers, that use Bash to process requests.