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The Arctic Ocean, with borders as delineated by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), including Hudson Bay (some of which is south of 57°N latitude, off the map) and all other marginal seas. These islands of the Arctic Ocean can be classified by the country that controls the territory.
The island is barren and icy throughout the winter months, but some tundra vegetation grows on it in the summer. Its length is 18.5 kilometres (11.5 miles) and its total area is 20 square kilometres (8 square miles). Compared to other Arctic islands it is flat and low-lying, with some swamps and small lakes and a long spit of land on its NE side.
This island is desolate and subject to severe Arctic storms, but it has no glaciers. In the summer, large areas of the island are free of ice and snow. Its total area is 288 km 2 (111 sq mi). Compared to other Arctic islands it is relatively large and flat, its highest point being only 22 m (72 ft) above mean sea level.
The northernmost cluster of islands, including Ellesmere Island, is known as the Queen Elizabeth Islands and was formerly the Parry Islands. The archipelago consists of 36,563 islands, of which 94 are classified as major islands, being larger than 130 km 2 (50 sq mi), and cover a total area of 1,400,000 km 2 (540,000 sq mi). [ 13 ]
The Ellesmere Ice Shelf shrank by 90 per cent in the 20th century due to warming trends in the Arctic, [33] [34]: 133 particularly in the 1930s and 1940s, a period when the largest ice islands (the 520 km 2 (200 sq mi) T1 and the 780 km 2 (300 sq mi) T2 ice islands) were formed leaving the separate Alfred Ernest, Ayles, Milne, Ward Hunt, and ...
Unchained Main: The Arctic Life and Times of Captain Robert Abram Bartlett. Boulder Publications. ISBN 9781927099940. Levy, Buddy (2022). Empire of Ice and Stone: The Disastrous and Heroic Voyage of the Karluk. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9781250274441. [13] Niven, Jennifer (2001). The Ice Master. London: Pan Books. ISBN 0-330-39123-2.
The word Arctic comes from the Greek word ἀρκτικός (arktikos), "near the Bear, northern" [4] and from the word ἄρκτος (arktos), meaning bear. [5] The name refers either to the constellation known as Ursa Major, the "Great Bear", which is prominent in the northern portion of the celestial sphere, or to the constellation Ursa Minor, the "Little Bear", which contains the celestial ...