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France–Thailand relations cover a period from the 16th century until modern times. Relations started in earnest during the reign of Louis XIV of France with numerous reciprocal embassies and a major attempt by France to Christianize the Kingdom of Thailand (then known as Siam) and establish a French protectorate, which failed when the country revolted against foreign intrusions in 1688.
The Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893, known in Thailand as the Incident of Rattanakosin Era 112 (Thai: วิกฤตการณ์ ร.ศ. 112, RTGS: wikrittakan roso-roisipsong, [wí krít tàʔ kaːn rɔː sɔ̌ː rɔ́ːj sìp sɔ̌ːŋ]) was a conflict between the French Third Republic and the Kingdom of Siam.
With Narai's permission, fortresses with French troops and under French control were established at Mergui and Bangkok, in order to reaffirm the commercial treaty of 1685, provide a counterweight to Dutch influence in the region, and help to combat piracy. [6] This disembarkment of French troops led to strong nationalist movements in Siam.
King Rama VI also imposed the idea of "Thai-ness" (khwam-pen-thai) on his subjects and strictly defined what was "Thai" and "un-Thai". Authors of this period re-wrote Thai history from an ethno-nationalist viewpoint, [56] disregarding the fact that the concept of ethnicity had not played an important role in Southeast Asia until the 19th century.
Mak (Thai: หมาก) is Thai for areca nut; chewing mak together with betel leaves (bai phlu) was a Thai custom. A non-food example is achan farang (Thai: อาจารย์ฝรั่ง; "farang professor") which is the nickname of an influential figure in Thai art history, Italian art professor Silpa Bhirasri. [8]
The Seri Thai (Free Thai Movement) was an underground resistance movement against Japan founded by Seni Pramoj, the Thai ambassador in Washington. Led from within Thailand from the office of the regent Pridi , it operated freely, often with support from members of the royal family such as Prince Chula Chakrabongse , and members of the government.
According to French historian George Cœdès, "The Thai first enter history of Farther India in the eleventh century with the mention of Syam slaves or prisoners of war in Champa epigraphy", and "in the twelfth century, the bas-reliefs of Angkor Wat" where "a group of warriors" are described as Syam, [15]: 190–191, 194–195 though Cham ...
The Historical Atlas set of maps was first published by the Royal Thai Survey Department around 1935–1936. [4] The History of Thailand's Boundary map (also referred to as Evolution of the Boundary of Thailand) was also first produced in 1935, though it was a different version that rose to prominence in 1940, amid the spread of the Pan-Thaiist ideology supported by Phibun's government, with ...