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Tactical formations include: [2] [3] Forlorn hope; Formation flying; Box; Coil: Similar to the Herringbone formation, the coil formation allows for 360 degree security while at the halt. This type of formation is also used when refueling aircraft as well as during resupply. Sometimes platoon leaders also use it when briefing to platoon sergeants.
Royal Navy Sea Harriers flying in an echelon formation. In military aviation, tactical formation flying is the disciplined flight of two or more aircraft under the command of a flight leader. [11]: 6 Military pilots use tactical formations for mutual defense and concentration of firepower. [12]: Art 17.01
Four F-16s of the USAF 457th Fighter Squadron flying in a "Finger-four" formation. The finger-four formation (also known as the "four finger formation" and the "Fingertip Formation") is a flight formation used by fighter aircraft. It consists of four aircraft, and four of these formations can be combined into a squadron formation.
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Thach carried out the first test of the tactic in combat during the Battle of Midway in June 1942, when a squadron of Zeroes attacked his flight of four Wildcats. Thach's wingman, Ensign R. A. M. Dibb, was attacked by a Japanese pilot and turned towards Thach, who dove under his wingman and fired at the incoming enemy aircraft's belly until its engine ignited.
Bomber Command believed the attack was a failure as a result of poor formation flying and leadership. It was also maintained that better beam defensive armament and self-sealing fuel tanks were needed. These tactical considerations might, they believed, still salvage the day-bomber concept. On 22 December, an unsigned 3 Group report stated:
A man in Schuylerville, New York, has been arrested for violating a do-not-fly order after he was accused of stalking a woman from his low-flying plane and pelting her yard with tomatoes.
The tactical formation, however, is the twoship with hot spare (the English term is used), the third aircraft being released before reaching the target if none of the others had to be sent back earlier. The Kette (meaning chain) of three aircraft is a historic term. These terms refer to groups of aircraft only and are not used for ground units.