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  2. Frameshift mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frameshift_mutation

    A frameshift mutation can drastically change the coding capacity (genetic information) of the message. [1] Small insertions or deletions (those less than 20 base pairs) make up 24% of mutations that manifest in currently recognized genetic disease. [10] Frameshift mutations are found to be more common in repeat regions of DNA.

  3. Insertion (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_(genetics)

    Frameshift mutations will alter all the amino acids encoded by the gene following the mutation. Usually, insertions and the subsequent frameshift mutation will cause the active translation of the gene to encounter a premature stop codon , resulting in an end to translation and the production of a truncated protein.

  4. Ribosomal frameshift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal_frameshift

    This is a graphical representation of the HIV1 frameshift signal. A −1 frameshift in the slippery sequence region results in translation of the pol instead of the gag protein-coding region, or open reading frame (ORF). Both gag and pol proteins are required for reverse transcriptase, which is essential to HIV1 replication.

  5. Mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation

    In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the ... A frameshift mutation is caused by insertion or deletion of a ... This kind of mutation happens often in living ...

  6. Indel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indel

    Indel (insertion-deletion) is a molecular biology term for an insertion or deletion of bases in the genome of an organism. Indels ≥ 50 bases in length are classified as structural variants. [1] [2] In coding regions of the genome, unless the length of an indel is a multiple of 3, it will produce a frameshift mutation.

  7. Protein-truncating variants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein-truncating_variants

    This molecular biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

  8. Slippery sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slippery_sequence

    The frameshift occurs due to wobble pairing. The Gibbs free energy of secondary structures downstream give a hint at how often frameshift happens. [7] Tension on the mRNA molecule also plays a role. [8] A list of slippery sequences found in animal viruses is available from Huang et al. [9]

  9. Splice site mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splice_site_mutation

    The mutation must occur at the specific site at which intron splicing occurs: within non-coding sites in a gene, directly next to the location of the exon. The mutation can be an insertion, deletion, frameshift, etc. The splicing process itself is controlled by the given sequences, known as splice-donor and splice-acceptor sequences, which ...