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Vicat softening temperature or Vicat hardness is the determination of the softening point for materials that have no definite melting point, such as plastics. It is taken as the temperature at which the specimen is penetrated to a depth of 1 mm by a flat-ended needle with a 1 mm 2 circular or square cross-section.
The softening point is the temperature at which a material softens beyond some arbitrary softness. [1] It can be determined, for example, by the Vicat method (ASTM-D1525 or ISO 306), Heat Deflection Test (ASTM-D648) or a ring and ball method (ISO 4625 or ASTM E28-67/E28-99 or ASTM D36 or ASTM D6493 - 11 or JIS K 6863).
A kaliapparat. A kaliapparat is a laboratory device invented in 1831 by Justus von Liebig (1803–1873) for the analysis of carbon in organic compounds. [1] The device, made of glass, consists of a series of five bulbs connected and arranged in a triangular shape.
This list of research methods in biology is an index to articles about research methodologies used in various branches of biology. Research design and analysis [ edit ]
General laboratory stands, racks, filter paper, reagents, etc. Induction coils: as a source of high voltage electricity Cathode ray oscilloscope ' Recording kymograph: historically, used in human or animal experiments to measure and record data Long extension kymograph: historically, used in or human animal experiments to measure and record data
There are various methods of introducing samples into the analyser. Test tubes of samples are often loaded into racks. These racks can be inserted directly into some analysers or, in larger labs, moved along an automated track. More manual methods include inserting tubes directly into circular carousels that rotate to make the sample available.
Laboratory methods and techniques, as used in fields like biology, biochemistry, biophysics, chemistry, molecular biology, etc. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Laboratory techniques . Contents
An apparatus is used on solution within the vessels for a predetermined amount of time which depends on the method for the particular drug. The dissolution medium within the vessels are heated to 37 °C with an acceptable difference of ± 0.5 °C [ 7 ]